Linux: the elevation dialog shows /bin/bash -c … instead of the install command

[joevin-slq-docto]

• Electron-Builder Version: 26.15.3 — the code below is quoted from master (27.0.0-alpha.7), where it is unchanged
• Electron Updater (as-needed): 6.8.9 (and 7.0.0-alpha.6)
• Node Version: the one bundled with Electron 42.5.0
• Electron Version: 42.5.0
• Platform & Target: Linux (Ubuntu 24.04, GNOME 46, Wayland), deb target — the same code path serves rpm and pacman
• Debug Logs: see the dialog text and the Node warning below

What happens

The privileged command is wrapped in /bin/bash -c '…'
(LinuxUpdater.ts#L54), so the authentication dialog shows the wrapper instead of the
command the user is being asked to authorize:

Authentication is needed to run '/bin/bash -c dpkg -i /home/…/pending/App-1.2.3.deb' as the super user

polkit elides the middle of long strings, so on a real updater cache path a good part of what remains legible
is the wrapper rather than the package being installed.

Two consequences beyond readability:

• the wrapper is what forces the manual metacharacter escaping in installerPath
  (LinuxUpdater.ts#L20-L34), which is documented as not supporting paths that
  contain a single quote
• spawnSyncLog passes an args array together with shell: true
  (BaseUpdater.ts#L299-L306), so recent Node versions warn:

(node:538599) [DEP0190] DeprecationWarning: Passing args to a child process with shell option true can lead
to security vulnerabilities, as the arguments are not escaped, only concatenated.

Suggested direction

pkexec and sudo accept an argv array, so the command can be spawned without a shell at all: the dialog
then shows dpkg -i /path/app.deb, the path needs no escaping, and shell: true disappears along with the
deprecation warning. gksudo, kdesudo and beesu take the command as a single string and would keep the
joined form.

One caveat worth deciding on: determineSudoCommand tries gksudo and kdesudo before pkexec, and
pkexec is the only one of the four that takes argv — so on a machine that still has either of them the
dialog would be unchanged. Both were removed from Debian (since Buster) and Ubuntu (since 18.04), the Debian
maintainers removing gksu as unsafe, and neither works under Wayland.

This depends on #10092: spawning without a shell requires the argv-based spawn that the asynchronous install
path introduces. I have a patch for both and will open the PRs shortly.