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Cached blocks never hit eviction first - #51909

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shanrow-amd wants to merge 2 commits into
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shanrow-amd:cached_blocks_never_hit_eviction_first
Open

Cached blocks never hit eviction first#51909
shanrow-amd wants to merge 2 commits into
vllm-project:mainfrom
shanrow-amd:cached_blocks_never_hit_eviction_first

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@shanrow-amd

@shanrow-amd shanrow-amd commented Aug 12, 2026

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Purpose

Most cached blocks with block_hash that never hit. Now they are appended to the free list mixed with
fewer hit blocks. We should differentiate the both cases because of the non-hit blocks amount that is
huge and far greater than hit blocks. So we should append the non-hit blocks first and then append
the hit blocks so that non-hit blocks are allocated first in free list and keep alive for hit blocks.

Test Plan

  1. default testcases
    python -m pytest tests/v1/core/test_kv_cache_utils.py -v
    python -m pytest tests/v1/core/test_prefix_caching.py -v
    python -m pytest tests/v1/core/test_single_type_kv_cache_manager.py -v

VLLM_CACHE_ROOT=/data/hf/vllm/ vllm bench throughput --model /data/hf/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B --input-len 1024 --output-len 1024 --dtype float16 --num-prompts 2000 --tensor-parallel-size 4 --enable-prefix-caching

Test Result

  1. default testcases

python -m pytest tests/v1/core/test_kv_cache_utils.py -v
76 passed, 14 warnings

python -m pytest tests/v1/core/test_prefix_caching.py -v
89 passed, 14 warnings

python -m pytest tests/v1/core/test_single_type_kv_cache_manager.py -v
9 passed, 14 warnings

before:
Throughput: 6.61 requests/s, 7610.42 total tokens/s, 845.60 output tokens/s
Throughput: 6.77 requests/s, 7794.73 total tokens/s, 866.08 output tokens/s
Throughput: 6.75 requests/s, 7776.25 total tokens/s, 864.03 output tokens/s
Throughput: 6.85 requests/s, 7886.45 total tokens/s, 876.27 output tokens/s

after:
Throughput: 6.73 requests/s, 7752.48 total tokens/s, 861.39 output tokens/s
Throughput: 6.73 requests/s, 7752.48 total tokens/s, 861.39 output tokens/s
Throughput: 6.86 requests/s, 7897.19 total tokens/s, 877.47 output tokens/s
Throughput: 6.71 requests/s, 7734.48 total tokens/s, 859.39 output tokens/s

Performance has no change.


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@shanrow-amd

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Hi maintainers, could someone please add the ready-run-all-tests label to this PR?
The pre-commit gate is currently blocked without this label (or contributor threshold), and I don’t have permission to add labels on the upstream repo. Thanks!

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Thanks @shanrow-amd this makes sense in theory!

Could you provide some e2e benchmarks though to demonstrate the performance benefits.

Comment thread vllm/v1/core/kv_cache_utils.py Outdated
Comment on lines +126 to +127
# only cumulative reference count for cached block hit.
_ref_cnt: int = 0

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I think this should be called something different, like cache_hit_count

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Also it could be a bool right?

Comment thread vllm/v1/core/block_pool.py Outdated
@@ -713,6 +713,7 @@ def touch(self, blocks: Sequence[KVCacheBlock]) -> None:
if block.ref_cnt == 0 and not block.is_null:
self.free_block_queue.remove(block)
block.ref_cnt += 1
block._ref_cnt += 1

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This is not used just for cache hits, it's also used to temporarily pin blocks when offloading via kv connectors. I think we would want to exclude that case from incrementing here.

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Thanks njhill for your reply.

I would follow your suggestions and recommit once.

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See test result above. The performance has no change.

@shanrow-amd
shanrow-amd force-pushed the cached_blocks_never_hit_eviction_first branch from dc21ce2 to 0827faf Compare August 13, 2026 02:41
@shanrow-amd
shanrow-amd requested a review from njhill August 13, 2026 02:50
@shanrow-amd
shanrow-amd force-pushed the cached_blocks_never_hit_eviction_first branch from 5b19676 to 4e4f428 Compare August 13, 2026 06:57
Most cached blocks with block_hash that never hit.
Now they are appended to the free list mixed with
fewer hit blocks. We should differentiate the both
cases because of the non-hit blocks amount that is
huge and far greater than hit blocks. So we should
append the non-hit blocks first and then append the
hit blocks so that non-hit blocks are allocated first
in free list and keep alive for hit blocks.

Signed-off-by: Zhou Xianrong <Xianrong.Zhou@amd.com>
@shanrow-amd
shanrow-amd force-pushed the cached_blocks_never_hit_eviction_first branch from d799a4c to 105ca11 Compare August 17, 2026 02:21
@njhill

njhill commented Aug 17, 2026

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See test result above. The performance has no change.

Thanks @shanrow-amd, so it seems like this change isn't worth adding?

@shanrow-amd

shanrow-amd commented Aug 18, 2026

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Hi @njhill

I think this might be due to the "vllm bench throughput" test that has very lower hit ratio actually.
So no many hit blocks were kept alive under memory pressure. So i wish to construct a high hit
ratio scenario to test whether it has benefits or not again.

I think this refinement is valuable to adding because the idea has no coasts and is very simple.
I wish the modification can be merged if possible. Thanks a lot.

@njhill

njhill commented Aug 18, 2026

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@shanrow-amd that would be great if you could find a benchmark workload to demonstrate that it helps!

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